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        <h1 id="1-hybrid"><a href="#1-hybrid" class="headerlink" title="1. hybrid"></a>1. hybrid</h1><blockquote>
<ul>
<li>移动端占大部分流量，已经远超过 PC</li>
<li>一线互联网公司都有自己的 App</li>
<li>这些 App 中有很大比例的前端代码</li>
<li>拿微信举例，你每天浏览微信的内容，多少是前端？</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="1-1-hybrid-是什么？为何用-hybrid？"><a href="#1-1-hybrid-是什么？为何用-hybrid？" class="headerlink" title="1.1. hybrid 是什么？为何用 hybrid？"></a>1.1. hybrid 是什么？为何用 hybrid？</h2><ul>
<li>hybrid 是客户端和前端的混合开发</li>
<li>hybrid 存在的核心意义在于快速迭代，无需审核</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-1-1-hybrid-文字解释"><a href="#1-1-1-hybrid-文字解释" class="headerlink" title="1.1.1. hybrid 文字解释"></a>1.1.1. hybrid 文字解释</h3><ul>
<li>hybrid 即“混合”，即前端和客户端的混合开发</li>
<li>需前端开发人员和客户端开发人员配合完成</li>
<li>某些环节也可能涉及到 server 端</li>
<li>不要以为自己是前端就可以不理会客户端的知识</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-1-2-存在价值，为何会用-hybrid"><a href="#1-1-2-存在价值，为何会用-hybrid" class="headerlink" title="1.1.2. 存在价值，为何会用 hybrid"></a>1.1.2. 存在价值，为何会用 hybrid</h3><ul>
<li>可以快速迭代更新，无需 App 审核（关键）<ul>
<li>app 的代码有权利访问到手机的地理位置声音视频等 api，用这些功能开发的 app 肯定需要严格审核</li>
<li>hybrid 的代码是纯前端开发的，无需这种审核机制</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>体验流畅（和 NA 的体验基本一致）</li>
<li>减少开发和沟通成本，双端公用一套代码</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-1-3-webview"><a href="#1-1-3-webview" class="headerlink" title="1.1.3. webview"></a>1.1.3. webview</h3><ul>
<li>是 app 中的一个组件（app 中可以有 webview，也可以没有）</li>
<li>用于加载 h5 页面，即一个小型的浏览器内核</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-1-4-file：-协议"><a href="#1-1-4-file：-协议" class="headerlink" title="1.1.4. file：//协议"></a>1.1.4. file：//协议</h3><ul>
<li>其实在一开始接触 html 开发，就已经使用了 file 协议</li>
<li>只不过你当时没有“协议”、“标准”等这些概念</li>
<li>再次强调“协议”、“标准”的重要性</li>
</ul>
<p>http 协议和 file 协议的区别</p>
<ul>
<li>file 协议：本地文件，快</li>
<li>http 协议：网络加载，慢</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-1-5-hybrid-实现流程"><a href="#1-1-5-hybrid-实现流程" class="headerlink" title="1.1.5. hybrid 实现流程"></a>1.1.5. hybrid 实现流程</h3><ul>
<li>不是所有场景都适合使用 hybrid</li>
<li>使用 NA：体验要求极致，变化不频繁（头条首页）</li>
<li>使用 hybrid：体验要求高，变化频繁（头条的新闻详情页）</li>
<li>使用 h5：体验无要求，不常用（举报、反馈等页面）</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="/uncategorized/imooc-frontend-interview/JavaScript高级面试/6. hybrid.html/../images/hybrid.png" alt="hybrid"><br>具体流程图</p>
<ul>
<li>前端做好静态页面（html js css），将文件交给客户端</li>
<li>客户端拿到前端静态页面，以文件形式存储在 app 中</li>
<li>客户端在一个 webview 中</li>
<li>使用 file 协议加载静态页面</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="1-2-介绍一下-hybrid-更新和上线的流程？"><a href="#1-2-介绍一下-hybrid-更新和上线的流程？" class="headerlink" title="1.2. 介绍一下 hybrid 更新和上线的流程？"></a>1.2. 介绍一下 hybrid 更新和上线的流程？</h2><ul>
<li>服务端的版本和 zip 包维护</li>
<li>更新 zip 包之前，先对比版本号</li>
<li>zip 下载解压和覆盖</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-2-1-目的，可行途径"><a href="#1-2-1-目的，可行途径" class="headerlink" title="1.2.1. 目的，可行途径"></a>1.2.1. 目的，可行途径</h3><ul>
<li>要替换每个客户端的静态文件</li>
<li>只能客户端来做（客户端是我们开发的）</li>
<li>app 去 server 端下载最新的静态文件</li>
<li>我们维护 server 的静态文件</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-2-2-完整流程"><a href="#1-2-2-完整流程" class="headerlink" title="1.2.2. 完整流程"></a>1.2.2. 完整流程</h3><ul>
<li>分版本，有版本号，如 201803211015</li>
<li>将静态文件压缩成 zip 包，上传到服务端</li>
<li>客户端每次启动，都去服务端检查版本号</li>
<li>如果服务端版本号大于客户端版本号，就去下载最新的 zip 包</li>
<li>下载完之后解压包，然后将现有文件覆盖</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="1-3-hybrid-和-h5-的主要区别"><a href="#1-3-hybrid-和-h5-的主要区别" class="headerlink" title="1.3. hybrid 和 h5 的主要区别"></a>1.3. hybrid 和 h5 的主要区别</h2><h3 id="1-3-1-优点"><a href="#1-3-1-优点" class="headerlink" title="1.3.1. 优点"></a>1.3.1. 优点</h3><ul>
<li>体验更好，跟 NA 体验基本一致</li>
<li>可快速迭代，无需 app 审核</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-3-2-缺点"><a href="#1-3-2-缺点" class="headerlink" title="1.3.2. 缺点"></a>1.3.2. 缺点</h3><ul>
<li>开发成本高。联调、测试、查 bug 都比较麻烦</li>
<li>运维成本高，上线很麻烦</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-3-3-适用的场景"><a href="#1-3-3-适用的场景" class="headerlink" title="1.3.3. 适用的场景"></a>1.3.3. 适用的场景</h3><ul>
<li>hybrid：产品型，产品的稳定功能，体验要求高，迭代频繁</li>
<li>h5：运营型，单次的运营活动（红包）或不常用的功能</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="1-4-前端-JS-和客户端如何通讯？"><a href="#1-4-前端-JS-和客户端如何通讯？" class="headerlink" title="1.4. 前端 JS 和客户端如何通讯？"></a>1.4. 前端 JS 和客户端如何通讯？</h2><ul>
<li>通讯的基本形式：调用能力、传递参数、监听回调</li>
<li>对 schema 协议的理解和使用</li>
<li>调用 schema 代码的封装</li>
<li>内置上线的好处：更快，更安全</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-4-1-新闻详情页适用-hybrid，前端如何获取新闻内容？"><a href="#1-4-1-新闻详情页适用-hybrid，前端如何获取新闻内容？" class="headerlink" title="1.4.1. 新闻详情页适用 hybrid，前端如何获取新闻内容？"></a>1.4.1. 新闻详情页适用 hybrid，前端如何获取新闻内容？</h3><ul>
<li>不能用 ajax。跨域问题，速度慢</li>
<li>客户端获取新闻内容，然后 JS 通讯拿到内容，再渲染</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-4-2-JS-和客户端通讯的基本形式"><a href="#1-4-2-JS-和客户端通讯的基本形式" class="headerlink" title="1.4.2. JS 和客户端通讯的基本形式"></a>1.4.2. JS 和客户端通讯的基本形式</h3><p><img src="/uncategorized/imooc-frontend-interview/JavaScript高级面试/6. hybrid.html/../images/JS和客户端通讯.png" alt="JS和客户端通讯"></p>
<ul>
<li>JS 访问客户端能力，传递参数和回调函数</li>
<li>客户端通过回调函数返回内容</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-4-3-schema-协议简介和使用"><a href="#1-4-3-schema-协议简介和使用" class="headerlink" title="1.4.3. schema 协议简介和使用"></a>1.4.3. schema 协议简介和使用</h3><ul>
<li>之前介绍了 http 和 file 协议</li>
<li>schema 协议 —— 前端和客户端通讯的约定</li>
</ul>
<p>微信的部分 schema 协议</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">weixin://dl/scan      扫一扫</span><br><span class="line">weixin://dl/feedback  反馈</span><br><span class="line">weixin://dl/moments   朋友圈</span><br><span class="line">weixin://dl/settings  设置</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">invokeScan</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">window</span>[<span class="string">'_invoke_scan_callback_'</span>] = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">result</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    alert(result)</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">var</span> iframe = <span class="built_in">document</span>.createElement(<span class="string">'iframe'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  iframe.style.display = <span class="string">'none'</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// iframe.src = 'weixin://dl/scan'  // 重要！</span></span><br><span class="line">  iframe.src =</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">'weixin://dl/scan?k1=v1&amp;k2=v2&amp;k3=v3&amp;callback=_invoke_scan_callback_'</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">var</span> body = <span class="built_in">document</span>.body</span><br><span class="line">  body.appendChild(iframe)</span><br><span class="line">  setTimeout(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    body.removeChild(iframe)</span><br><span class="line">    iframe = <span class="literal">null</span></span><br><span class="line">  &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="1-4-4-schema-使用的封装"><a href="#1-4-4-schema-使用的封装" class="headerlink" title="1.4.4. schema 使用的封装"></a>1.4.4. schema 使用的封装</h3><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 封装效果，傻瓜式调用，而且不用再自己定义全局函数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">window</span>.invoke.share(</span><br><span class="line">  &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    title: <span class="string">'xxx'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    content: <span class="string">'yyy'</span></span><br><span class="line">  &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">result</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (result.errno === <span class="number">0</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      alert(<span class="string">'分享成功'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      alert(result.message)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>schema 封装</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">;(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">window, undefined</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 调用 schema 的封装</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">_invoke</span>(<span class="params">action, data, callback</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 拼装 schema 协议</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> schema = <span class="string">'myapp://utils/'</span> + action</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 拼接参数</span></span><br><span class="line">    schema += <span class="string">'?a=a'</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> key</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (key <span class="keyword">in</span> data) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">if</span> (data.hasOwnProperty(key)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        schema += <span class="string">'&amp;'</span> + key + data[key]</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 处理 callback</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> callbackName = <span class="string">''</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="keyword">typeof</span> callback === <span class="string">'string'</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      callbackName = callback</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      callbackName = action + <span class="built_in">Date</span>.now()</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="built_in">window</span>[callbackName] = callback</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    schema += <span class="string">'callback=callbackName'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 触发</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> iframe = <span class="built_in">document</span>.createElement(<span class="string">'iframe'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    iframe.style.display = <span class="string">'none'</span></span><br><span class="line">    iframe.src = schema <span class="comment">// 重要！</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> body = <span class="built_in">document</span>.body</span><br><span class="line">    body.appendChild(iframe)</span><br><span class="line">    setTimeout(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">      body.removeChild(iframe)</span><br><span class="line">      iframe = <span class="literal">null</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 暴露到全局变量</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">window</span>.invoke = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    share: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">data, callback</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">      _invoke(<span class="string">'share'</span>, data, callback)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    scan: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">data, callback</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">      _invoke(<span class="string">'scan'</span>, data, callback)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    login: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">data, callback</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">      _invoke(<span class="string">'login'</span>, data, callback)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)(<span class="built_in">window</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="1-4-5-内置上线"><a href="#1-4-5-内置上线" class="headerlink" title="1.4.5. 内置上线"></a>1.4.5. 内置上线</h3><ul>
<li>将以上封装的代码打包，叫做 invoke.js，内置到客户端</li>
<li>客户端每次启动 webview，都默认执行 invoke.js</li>
<li>本地加载，免去网络加载的时间，更快</li>
<li>本地加载，没有网络请求，黑客看不到 schema 协议，更安全</li>
</ul>

      
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              <div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-hybrid"><span class="nav-text">1. hybrid</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-1-hybrid-是什么？为何用-hybrid？"><span class="nav-text">1.1. hybrid 是什么？为何用 hybrid？</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-1-1-hybrid-文字解释"><span class="nav-text">1.1.1. hybrid 文字解释</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-1-2-存在价值，为何会用-hybrid"><span class="nav-text">1.1.2. 存在价值，为何会用 hybrid</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-1-3-webview"><span class="nav-text">1.1.3. webview</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-1-4-file：-协议"><span class="nav-text">1.1.4. file：//协议</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-1-5-hybrid-实现流程"><span class="nav-text">1.1.5. hybrid 实现流程</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-2-介绍一下-hybrid-更新和上线的流程？"><span class="nav-text">1.2. 介绍一下 hybrid 更新和上线的流程？</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-2-1-目的，可行途径"><span class="nav-text">1.2.1. 目的，可行途径</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-2-2-完整流程"><span class="nav-text">1.2.2. 完整流程</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-3-hybrid-和-h5-的主要区别"><span class="nav-text">1.3. hybrid 和 h5 的主要区别</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-3-1-优点"><span class="nav-text">1.3.1. 优点</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-3-2-缺点"><span class="nav-text">1.3.2. 缺点</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-3-3-适用的场景"><span class="nav-text">1.3.3. 适用的场景</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-4-前端-JS-和客户端如何通讯？"><span class="nav-text">1.4. 前端 JS 和客户端如何通讯？</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-4-1-新闻详情页适用-hybrid，前端如何获取新闻内容？"><span class="nav-text">1.4.1. 新闻详情页适用 hybrid，前端如何获取新闻内容？</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-4-2-JS-和客户端通讯的基本形式"><span class="nav-text">1.4.2. JS 和客户端通讯的基本形式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-4-3-schema-协议简介和使用"><span class="nav-text">1.4.3. schema 协议简介和使用</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-4-4-schema-使用的封装"><span class="nav-text">1.4.4. schema 使用的封装</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-4-5-内置上线"><span class="nav-text">1.4.5. 内置上线</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div>
            

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